As the name indicates, homeschooling means when the parents opt to provide home-based education to their kids. This was a traditional practice, but over the last few years, it has become the fastest-growing mainstream education in the US and other nations around the world, such as France, Japan, the UK, South Korea, Russia, etc.
In September 2024, there were about 4.2 million children homeschooled in the United States, representing 7.6% of the school-age population.
Homeschooling has been gaining popularity for many years. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of children homeschooled has increased by 50%, from 2.5 million in 2019 to 3.75 million in 2021.
If we observe the trend in the last few years, there is an annual homeschooling growth rate of 2%-8%. However, there has been a significant increase in those figures from 2019-2020 to 2020-2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2020, about 9 million Americans were homeschooled at some point in their lives.
There are numerous reasons why families opt for homeschooling, such as the lack of their children’s progress in traditional schooling, the difference in religious and educational philosophies, lack of satisfaction with the traditional educational methods, etc. In this article, we will explore homeschooling facts and their various aspects in detail.
Key Homeschooling Statistics in 2025
- The United States has the largest number of homeschooled children, with an estimated 3.4 to 4.3 million in 2024, representing 6.3 to 7.9% of the school-age population, respectively.
- In April 2024, about 4.3 million school-aged children were homeschooled in the United States, according to HouseHold Pulse Surve.
- In September 2024, about 4.2 million children were homeschooled, representing 7.6% of total school-age population.
- During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of K-12 students learning from home increased by 50%, from 2.5 million in 2019 to 3.75 million in 2021.
- California has more homeschooled children than any other state in the United States. In September 2024, California had 547,561 homeschooled kids, representing 13% of all homeschoolers.
- Followed by Texas and New York, with 440,666 (10.5%) and 220,990 (5.3%) homeschooled children respectively.
- As of 2020, a total of at least 9 million Americans had gone through homeschooling at least once.
Growth of Homeschooling in the United States
Between 3.4 and 4.3 million school-aged children were homeschooled in the United States at various months in 2024, according to the U.S. Census Bureau Household Pulse Surveys. In September 2024, 4.2 million children were homeschooled, while in April 2024, there were 4.3 million children aged 5 to 7 years old homeschooled. This is a significant increase from pre-COVID-19 times, when 2.5 million kids were learning from home in 2019. Over the past 20 years, the number of children getting their education at home has increased almost three times. In 2003 there were only 1.4 million homeschoolers.
Table 1. Number of Homeschooled K-12 Students in 2024
| Date of USCB Household Pulse Survey | Number of Homeschooled Children (Kindergarden through Twelve Grade) |
| December-January 2024 | 3,389,842 |
| February-March 2024 | 3,981,451 |
| March-April 2024 | 3,451,756 |
| April 2024 | 4,347,127 |
| April-May 2024 | 3,658,231 |
| May-June 2024 | 3,957,896 |
| June-July 2024 | 3,793,603 |
| July-August 2024 | 3,670,789 |
| August-September 2024 | 4,198,591 |
According to the USCB Quick Facts Table, in 2024, the US population reached 340.1 million, of which 55.1 million (16.2%) were children aged 5 to 18. In July 2024, the number of students aged 5 to 18 years old who were homeschooled was 3.8 million, representing 6.9% of the total school-age population. In April 2024, about 4.3 million children were homeschooled in the United, representing 7.9% of the total school-age population.
National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) and the U.S. Census Bureau (USCB) have different data on the number of homeschooled children in the United States. According to NCES National Household Education Survey, about 1.8 million children ages 5 to 17 were homeschooled in 2023, up 25% from 1.5 million homeschoolers in 2019. In 2023, 3.4% of USA children ages 5 to 17 were homeschooled compared to 2.8% in 2019 and 2.2% in 2003. These figures show that over the past 20 years, the percentage of children homeschooled has increased by 55%.
In 2022-2023 school year 5.2% of K-12 students received academic instruction at home, among them 3.4% were homeschoolers and 1.8% were students of public or private schools participating in full-time virtual education.
Table 2. Number of Homeschooled K-12 Students (1999-2024)
| Year | Number of Homeschooled K-12 Students (in thousands) | |
| NCES Source | NHERI, USCB Sources | |
| 1997 | N/A | 1000 |
| 1999 | 870 | N/A |
| 2003 | 1096 | 1400 |
| 2007 | 1520 | 1920 |
| 2012 | 1773 | N/A |
| 2016 | 1690 | 2300 |
| 2019 | 1457 | 2500 |
| 2020 | N/A | 2650 |
| 2021 | N/A | 3751 |
| 2022 | N/A | 3135 |
| 2023 | 1828 | 3713 |
| 2024 | N/A | 4199 |
Homeschooling Vs Public Schooling Statistics
There are chances of success of homeschooling compared to institutional schooling because this lets the children improve as per their nature and schedule. When homeschooling is well planned and organized, besides providing children scope for socialization, then it results in effective outcomes. It helps students focus on the career which interests them by preparing them for college by including extension courses. It becomes a well-rounded education that is highly effective when the homeschooled students get the opportunity to participate in extracurricular activities, community sports, and community service groups.
It is an extremely important decision for the parents to choose the mode of education for their children. They consider the effects of homeschooling and the factors such as the student’s personality, style of learning, availability, etc., while finalizing this.
Homeschoolers were seen to have an average standardized test score of 87th percentile as per the National Home Education Research Institute’s study.
Compared to this, the score of those going to public school was only 50th percentile in certain subjects. Generally, standardized tests are not the best method of gauging a student’s academic performance.
A study related to the data obtained from the 2007-2008 school year by Home School Legal Defense Association (HSLDA) shows a difference of 34 percentile
There was 39 percentile points excess in the case of homeschoolers as compared to others, in all subjects. If some parents found teaching math a challenging task, their children could not excel in it like those in public schools.
Academic Performance of Homeschooled Students
Homeschooled students graduated college at a rate of 66.7%,
A study led by Michael Cogan by the University of St. Thomas revealed that the homeschool graduation statistics is 10% higher than that of students from public schools.
Homeschoolers score 15%-30% more than students in public schools in the standardized academic achievement exams.
This is in line with reports from The National Home Education Research Institute in 2015. It shows that irrespective of the parent’s educational level and financial level, homeschoolers can score well.
Homeschool Demographics
Children between the ages group 5-17 years are generally homeschooled as per the study conducted by NCES, of which 52% of female students and 48% males.
23% of homeschoolers, each attending Kindergarten through 2nd grade, formed 22% and 3rd through 5th grade. Similarly, those who attended 6th through 8th grade formed 24%, and 31% included those belonging to 9th through 12th grade.
Homeschooling is gradually seen to be increasing amongst minority communities too. Owing to the concern regarding a safe school environment, compared to any other grades, high schoolers constitute the majority of those being homeschooled.
Hence, parents consider home as a safe haven for teenage students to learn; saving them from unfortunate incidents such as physical violence, exposure to drugs, alcohol, sexual incidents, etc.
Race and Ethnicity
If we observe the ethnicity of homeschoolers, the White constitute 59%, Black constitute 8%, Hispanics form 26%, and the Asian or Pacific Islanders form the remaining 3% of the total.
Family Income
According to the family’s financial status of homeschoolers who were surveyed, 21% were poor, owing to their income levels coming under the below poverty level category.
Studies show that generally, well-educated parents, having an income above the Federal poverty level, opted for homeschooling for their kids.
The parents of 15% of the surveyed group had not finished their high school education. There were 16% of parents who had a GED, i.e., they had completed high school education. Regarding some college training, vocational or technical experience, there were 25% such parents, and finally, there were 15% of the parents who were graduates and 30% who had a bachelor’s degree.
Region and Locale
34% of those homeschoolers who took part in the survey resided in urban areas, 31% were in the rural regions, 28% lived in cities, and towns were the place of residence of 7% of them.
Homeschool Statistics by State
According to the USCB Household Pulse Survey in 2024, California had the highest amount of homeschooled children between the ages of 5 and 17 compared to other states. In Aug-Sep 2024, California had 547,561 kids studying at home, representing 13% of all homeschoolers, followed by Texas with 440,666 (10.5%) and New York with 220,990 (5.3%) homeschoolers. Arizona and Florida rank fourth and fifth with 188,402 (4.5%) and 168,581 (4.0%) children homeschooled, respectively.
- There are 10% of states with strict laws regulating homeschooling, as per the Home School Legal Defense Association.
These are New York, Vermont, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania. 18 states have a moderate regulation, low regulation is seen in 16 states,
- In Washington DC, parents form cooperatives.
These cooperatives are to support homeschooling parents to pool resources. It also provides socialization opportunities for their kids.
- 11 states provide complete freedom to parents regarding homeschooling.
In New Jersey, parents do not need to let anyone know about their decision to homeschool their children. They don’t even have to produce any kind of proof at any time, explaining that their kids were homeschooled.
- Florida has strict regulations on homeschooling
Parents look for adults who can instruct their children. In Sunshine State, students don’t need to spend definite hours for homeschooling, whether it be inside or outside their homes.
- In Virginia, homeschooling was legalized in 1984.
This was after the efforts of certain groups and the Home Educators Association of Virginia (HEAV). Recent statistics of 2018 in Virginia show that 37,000 K-12 students opted for homeschooling.
Homeschoolers in College Statistics
Homeschoolers score better at exams like the ACT and SAT, compared to public schoolers, as per NHERI.
These are crucial exams conducted by colleges and universities for new admissions so that many homeschoolers can join such institutions. This is why you can find a special tab for homeschoolers on the websites of popular educational institutes offering higher education for admission applications.
2.5 million homeschoolers were at college in spring 2019
According to data provided by Nheri, homeschooled students often do better than their public schooled counterparts while in college. Despite their small number, they have a high graduation rate.
Early Trends in Homeschooling
Homeschooling was not a legal option for students in the United States until 1993.
There were about 1.7% homeschooled US students by 1999 spring, which formed 850,000 students as per the National Centers for Educational Statistics (NCES).
There were 1.5 million homeschoolers in 2007.
The percentage of homeschoolers rose from 1.7% to 2.2%, which was 1.1 million in the year 2003. Gradually, this became 2.9% in 2007 that formed 1.5 million homeschoolers, and 3.4% equaling 1.77 million in 2012.
Reasons for Homeschooling
The number of homeschoolers became double between 1999 and 2016. Here are the reasons why parents opt to homeschool their kids:
- Security concerns
80% of parents homeschool their kids mainly because of security concerns. A survey conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics on homeschooling data in 2015-16 showed that 80% of parents were worried about the school environment and their kids’ safety as they become prone to negative peer pressure. The thought of protecting their children from harmful impacts at school motivates parents to homeschool. It exceeds the concern for academic quality, which was found in 61% of parents.
- Religious beliefs
36% of parents homeschool their kids to instill the right religious beliefs in them. Through homeschooling, parents intend to teach their kids from a religious point of view. Earlier this was a key that has gradually fallen to 21%.
- Discontentment with the academic teaching method
There are 19% of parents who consider this to be a reason strong enough for opting for homeschooling for their kids. 5% of parents consider that kids should get a more non-traditional learning option. In homeschooling, parents can customize the curriculum and maximize the students’ efficiency so that they become capable enough to perform better than those in public schools.
- Kids with disability
In cases of mental health issues or with any kind of physical disability, 5% of parents consider it better to provide special care to their kids through homeschooling. It helps them take better care of their kids and reduces their exposure to bullying.
- Financial issues of the family or other family-related reasons
The high educational costs form a hurdle for certain parents, and hence, they homeschool their children. Apart from this, 21% of parents think that with homeschooling, they can have more quality time with family and can also schedule travel plans without being dependent on the school’s schedule.
- Unexpected acute health situations like COVID
When situations such as Covid-19 result in a shutdown of the educational institutions, homeschooling is the best method to impart beliefs, values, and worldviews to the children besides teaching them various subjects.
- Provides stability
A major advantage of homeschooling is the stability it provides students and the assurance it provides parents. Parents do not have to worry about uprooting their kids from school during the school year because they can take the curriculum along. It is especially helpful for parents with jobs that require displacement, child actors, and children of celebrities.
Benefits of Homeschooling
There are numerous benefits that we can find in the case of homeschooling, which is as follows:
- They get the academic flexibility to learn everything at their own pace. Parents opt for methods and processes that best suit their kids. So, they get specialized attention, which they would not otherwise get at traditional schools. They even take care of the curriculum instead of following the generic one.
- It is possible to prioritize the kid’s physical health, emotional well-being, and behavioral health in a much better way.
- Children learn family values by getting ample time to spend with families in homeschooling and are not overburdened by the curriculum followed by the traditional schools. They get time to nurture values and faith.
- Kids get to socialize with others through volunteering, entrepreneurship, community services, etc. In the process, they also get to learn real experiments, artworks and enjoy the outdoors with others.
- Parents get a chance to work on students’ specific skills so that they can choose the right career path for themselves. Those who are interested in working can directly opt for vocational training or informal mentorships during the years of high school. This can be very effective in getting entrepreneurial experience for a bright future.
Interesting Homeschooling Facts
Here are some interesting facts about homeschooling which you need to know for having a secured feeling about your homeschooled kids:
- They have the freedom to follow a different curriculum.
Some parents intend to educate their children through real-life activities instead of making them just stick to the book and mug up everything. In the process, they get to know the real interests of their children in some subjects. They learn to explore everything that surrounds them, which makes them feel the education to be something quite interesting.
- Parents take part in imparting education.
Homeschooling deals with the complete involvement of parents. For this, they stay updated regarding the latest requirements on how to effectively teach kids by presenting everything to them in an interesting manner. They even form communities and interact with parents, similar to discovering ways of bringing out the best in their children.
Parents with full-time jobs should be prepared to devote specific time to their kids and keep them engaged by assigning them some work that they can work on during their absence.
- Teachers can educate without many rules and regulations in the homeschool.
Unlike public/ private educational institutions, teachers can impart knowledge and skills to homeschoolers with no restrictions of any kind. This helps children learn a great deal from their experiences.
- There are colleges that take homeschoolers.
It is not always mandatory for homeschoolers to have a diploma for getting into a college because there are institutions that recognize homeschoolers just like those attending the traditional educational institutions. The admission process varies from one college to another through a special application process.
Stats Against Homeschooling
Here are some facts which you must consider while considering the homeschooling statistics:
- You should know children are attending the virtual public charter school, doing all schoolwork at home, attending public school classes only in a part of the week, and some who only attend homeschool for a few years. All these change the definition of homeschooling, so while looking at the statistics, it is essential to make sure that we are not considering such diverse categories of kids but all belonging to the same category to reach a definite conclusion.
- Example: The US Department of Education’s National Center for Education Studies shows in a report that part of the student surveyed has attended classes in public/ private schools for 25 hours a week, i.e., 5 hours a day. In such a case, these students can’t be compared to those who never attended a classroom.
- The law of every state in the US, relating to homeschooling, varies. The states don’t maintain all details of the WHO Homeschools. As already discussed, there are states where parents don’t need to contact local school districts before opting for homeschool, whereas, in other states, they are bound to send a letter of Intent, submit all paperwork regularly including the standardized test scores. So, depending on who has been selected for the survey, there is a difference in the conclusion.
- Let us consider the example of New York, where parents need to submit paperwork for children who come under the age of compulsory education. For those who are under 6 years old or more than 16 years old, the state doesn’t maintain the count, so there is no way to consider the state records reliable regarding the actual number of families that opted for homeschooling the kindergarten years or those teenagers going to college from homeschooling.
- Biased studies: The articles related to homeschool have quotes from the Home School Legal Defense Association. We can’t say if its studies portray constituents regarding its Christian viewpoint and not the homeschoolers belonging to others. They have views reflecting positive aspects of homeschooling. On the contrary, the National Education Association, comprising teachers, is seen to be against homeschooling, stating that parents don’t need to be licensed teachers.
Conclusion
It is completely a personal choice of parents regarding the method of education they want for their kids. In certain cases, when there is not enough satisfaction regarding the public schooling system, they tend to choose homeschooling for better benefits. Parents need to take all the facts, discussed in this article, into consideration before making any final decision.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are homeschooled students successful?
As discussed earlier, studies indicate that the performance of homeschooled students is much better than those going to public schools, in the standardized examinations. Besides this, when they enter college, they are seen to remain longer, and statistics show that 67% complete their graduation as compared to 59% of public school students. In this way, they are more successful in the academic field.
What is the percentage of homeschooling?
There are around 2.5 million students of K-12 grade in the US who are homeschooled as of the spring of 2019. There is an annual spike in the homeschooling rate to 8% from 2%, noticed in the last few years.
Is homeschooling more effective than public school?
Homeschool statistics indicate that a majority of people, about 80%, agree that homeschooling is more effective than public schooling. The primary reason being, the positive environment where the students get to learn everything at home. This keeps them away from the influence of violence, drug addiction, becoming alcoholics, etc. Thus, they can learn effectively in a flexible study environment. They get a scope to learn at their own pace from the natural setting instead of just following the books. This helps grow their curiosity so that they are in a better position to choose the path they want in life.
Are homeschooled students smarter?
Yes, it is a homeschooling fact that homeschoolers have better emotional development compared to those of traditional educational institutions. Irrespective of their parents’ educational level and income level, they tend to score better in various achievement tests as well.